Capartogramma is characterized by a very distinctive "x-shaped" thickening of silica near the central part of the valve. Frustules are generally lanceolate in valve outline. Pseudosepta are present at the valve apices. The raphe is positioned within a narrow axial area. Striae are uniseriate and punctate.
Capartogramma is monotypic in North America (C. crucicula [Grunow ex Cleve] Ross). This species is found in rivers of varying conductance in the eastern and southern US. It is also common in tropical areas, particularly oceanic islands.