Valves are linear to panduriform, with the diagonal symmetry characteristic of other nitzschioid genera. A longitudinal undulation, similar to that found in Tryblionella, is present. As in other nitzschoid genera, Psammodictyon posseses an eccentric, keeled, fibulate raphe system. Fibulae are bifurcated by a central nodule. Striae are composed of simple, coarse areolae. Striae may be uniseriate or multiseriate. Girdle bands are open.
Most of the taxa described in the genus Psammodictyon are marine, although some taxa in the genus are found in freshwater and brackish environments.