Diatoma ehrenbergii distinguished from D. vulgaris, D. tenuis and D. moniliformis primarily by valve outline. Diatoma vulgaris has elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate valves. Diatoma tenuis has more narrow valves (width 2.9-4.9 µm), although small valves of D. ehrenbergii are wider than small valves of D. tenuis. Diatoma moniliformis is smaller in range of length and width, and has rounded to rostrate apices.