Valves are generally rhomboid in shape, although valves at the small end of the size range are not strongly rhomboid. The apices are slightly constricted and narrowly rounded. The longitudinal ribs are slightly curved. Both the thickness of the ribs and size of the central nodule are variable in relation to valve size. The porte-crayon is relatively small. Striae are radiate the apices. Longitudinal striae are present, but may be disorganized at the valve center.
Kociolek, P., Graeff, C. (2011). Frustulia saxonica. In Diatoms of North America. Retrieved December 21, 2024, from https://diatoms.org/species/45472/frustulia_saxonica
The 15 response plots show an environmental variable (x axis) against the relative abundance (y axis) of Frustulia saxonica from all the stream reaches where it was present. Note that the relative abundance scale is the same on each plot. Explanation of each environmental variable and units are as follows:
ELEVATION = stream reach elevation (meters)
STRAHLER = distribution plot of the Strahler Stream Order
SLOPE = stream reach gradient (degrees)
W1_HALL = an index that is a measure of streamside (riparian) human activity that ranges from 0 - 10, with a value of 0 indicating of minimal disturbance to a value of 10 indicating severe disturbance.
PHSTVL = pH measured in a sealed syringe sample (pH units)
log_COND = log concentration of specific conductivity (µS/cm)
log_PTL = log concentration of total phosphorus (µg/L)
log_NO3 = log concentration of nitrate (µeq/L)
log_DOC = log concentration of dissolved organic carbon (mg/L)
log_SIO2 = log concentration of silicon (mg/L)
log_NA = log concentration of sodium (µeq/L)
log_HCO3 = log concentration of the bicarbonate ion (µeq/L)
EMBED = percent of the stream substrate that is embedded by sand and fine sediment
log_TURBIDITY = log of turbidity, a measure of cloudiness of water, in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
DISTOT = an index of total human disturbance in the watershed that ranges from 1 - 100, with a value of 0 indicating of minimal disturbance to a value of 100 indicating severe disturbance.
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