This taxon is easily distinguished from other monoraphid diatoms by the linear-elliptic valves with narrowly capitate to subrostrate apices and by the presence of a fascia on the raphe valve. Achnanthidium exiguum var. constrictum has strongly constricted valve margins. Smaller specimens of are sometimes incorrectly identified as Achnanthes exigua var. elliptica, because of their elliptic-lanceolate shape.