Achnanthidium exiguum has wider apices and a more narrow fascia on the raphe valve and is more widely distributed across a range of water chemistry.
Achnanthes exigua var. heterovalvata fo. angustirostrata has smaller, more squarish valves and the fascia on the raphe valve is much narrower.
The fascia on the raphe valve of this taxon prompted Krasske to describe it as a Stauroneis: Stauroneis recondita.