Navicula oblonga is the only very large Navicula species in the U.S. that is linear in shape and lacks protracted ends. Navicula oblonga is distinguished from N. aurora and N. reinhardtii by linear valves, bent terminal striae, and simple proximal raphe ends. Navicula reinhardtii also has a transverse central area and coarser areolae. Navicula oblonga is commonly misidentified as a species of Pinnularia. It differs from Pinnularia by having lineate striae.