Pinnularia undula var. major is larger and its central expansion is smaller than the distal expansion.
Pinnularia undula and P. undula var. major both have pronounced markings on the central area.
Pinnularia divergens is similar in valve size and outline, but the central area is rhombic and widens to a small fascia, reaching the valve margin.
BioData Reference
Krammer 2000 Pl 28 Fig 1-6 Pl 29 Fig 1-6