Planothidium lanceolatoides is very similar, in particular, rapheless valves are difficult to distinguish. The central area of the raphe valve of P. lanceolatoides is variable in shape and has 1-4 dash-like marks on the internal cell wall.
Other Planothidium species (P. frequentissimum, P. biporomum and P. potapovae) have a cavum, but they are much smaller. Planothidium delicatulum is also much smaller, and lacks a cavum.