Planothidium biporomum differs from other Planothidium species with a cavum, such as P. frequentissimum and P. potapovae, by the lanceolate valves with capitate ends. Planothidium incuriatum has subrostrate apices. Planothidium haynaldii has a depression, but not a cavum, on the internal surface of the central area. Planothidium sheathii has obtusely rounded, but not protracted apices. Rapheless valves should also be observed to confirm identification.