Planothidium frequentissimum differs from other Planothidium species with a cavum, such as P. biporomum and P. potapovae, by the lanceolate to elliptical valves with rounded or slightly drawn-out apices. The raphe valves of lanceolate shape may not be distinguishable from those of P. lanceolatum. The rapheless valves, however, of P. frequentissimum possess a cavum – a feature not found in P. lanceolatum.