Planothidium lanceolatum differs from many other Planothidium species by the presence of a rimmed depression on the internal surface of the central area. The raphe valves of P. lanceolatum may not be distinguishable from the lanceolate raphe valves of P. frequentissimum. The rapheless valves, however, of P. frequentissimum, possess a cavum rather than depression. Planothidium amphibium differs from P. lanceolatum by capitate valve apices.