Psammothidium helveticum differs from P. bioretii and P. daonense by its linear-elliptical valves. Valves of P. bioretii and P. daonense are elliptical, except for the longest specimens of P. daonense. Psammothidium helveticum differs from P. daonense and P. chlidanos by having long terminal raphe fissures curved to opposite sides. Psammothidium helveticum also differs from all these three species by its large rounded central area on the rapheless valve.