Rossithidium anastasiae differs from R. pusillum by having larger valves, higher stria density, and wider axial area on the raphe valve. Rossithidium petersenii has much larger central area on the raphe valve and a wider, rhomboid axial area on the rapheless valve. Rossithidium anastasiae can be distinguished from various species of Achnanthidium by the absence of terminal raphe fissures.