Living colonies of many small-celled Thalassiosira species are similar. Identification requires examination of the morphology and position of the fultoportulae and rimoportulae in cleaned material.
Thalassiosira curviseriata and T. tealata have unique "winged processes" around the marginal fultoportulae. Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii has relatively long marginal fultoportulae with characteristically flared ends.
Thalassiosira binata, T. conferta, and T. nordenskioeldii have a single central fultoportula.
Thalassiosira binata has a longer, more conspicuous marginal fultoportulae and a wider mantle. The rimoportula of T. conferta is reduced and located between two closely spaced marginal fultoportulae.