The central area of F. socia is thickened into a fascia, expanded to the margins of both sides of the central area. The valves of F. socia are distinctly tapered toward the apices. In contrast, the central area of F. vaucheriae is not thickened and is unilaterally expanded. Fragilaria vaucheriae valves are not as tapered. At the small end of the size range, however, it may not be able to distinguish specimens of the two species from one another. Fragilaria socia forms stellate colonies, attached to a substrate, while F. vaucheria forms chains of cells.