Fragilaria vaucheriae and F. capucina both have widely spaced striae with an expanded central area. Fragilaria vaucheriae has rostrate to subcapitate valve apices. The striae of F. vaucheriae are generally more coarse and more broadly spaced than those of F. capucina. Fragilaria perminuta has narrower valves and finer striae than F. vaucheriae. Fragilaria recapitellata has wider valves and distinctly capitate ends.