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Gomphoneis eriensis var. angularis and G. eriensis var. rostrata have less rounded valves. 
Gomphoneis 
subherculeana is broader and has coarster striae.
Gomphoneis 
septa is larger.
This species has been confused with Gomphonema ventricosum and G. manubrium, which lack longitudinal lines and have singly punctate striae.

LM scalebar = 10 µm
Gomphoneis eriense var variabilis LM3 Gomphoneis eriense var variabilis LM5 Gomphoneis eriense var variabilis LM2 Gomphoneis eriense var variabilis LM1 Gomphoneis eriense var variabilis LM4
Length Range
25-45 µm
Width Range
9.5-12 µm
Striae in 10 µm
10-13 in the center, 14-16 at the poles

Gomphoneis eriensis var. angularis

Kociolek and Stoermer 1988

Gomphoneis eriense var. angularis LM1 Gomphoneis eriense var. angularis LM4 Gomphoneis eriense var. angularis LM5 Gomphoneis eriense var. angularis LM2 Gomphoneis eriense var. angularis LM3
Length Range
34-67 µm
Width Range
8-12 µm
Striae in 10 µm
10-13 at the central portion, 14-16 at the poles

Gomphoneis septa

(Moghadam) Kociolek, Stoermer and Bahls 1986

Gomphoneis septa LM3 Gomphoneis septa LM4 Gomphoneis septa LM5 Gomphoneis septa LM2 Gomphoneis septa LM1
Length Range
34-90 µm
Width Range
11-15 µm
Striae in 10 µm
11-12 at the center, 14-16 at the poles

Gomphonema manubrium

Fricke 1904

Gomphonema manubrium LM6 Gomphonema manubrium LM5 Gomphonema manubrium LM1 Gomphonema manubrium LM7 Gomphonema manubrium LM3 Gomphonema manubrium LM2
Length Range
31.9-39.9 µm
Width Range
8.9-9.8 µm
Striae in 10 µm
11-14 in the center valve, 14-16 at the ends

Gomphonema ventricosum

W.Greg. 1856

Gomphonema ventricosum LM1 Gomphonema ventricosum LM5 Gomphonema ventricosum LM3 Gomphonema ventricosum LM4 Gomphonema ventricosum LM2
Length Range
33-47 µm
Width Range
10-12 µm
Striae in 10 µm
11-12

Also compare to

Gomphoneis rostrata

(Temp. and H.Perag.) Kociolek and Stoermer

Gomphoneis subherculeana

Kociolek and Stoermer