Gomphonema dichotomum is lanceolate-linear valve with predominantly concave sides, a smaller central area and lower stria density (9-11 in 10 µm). 

Gomphonema grasmueckii has very small central area, strongly radiate striae near the center and lower stria density (9-12 in 10 µm).

LM scalebar = 10 µm
Length Range
22-69 µm
Width Range
5.6-8.3 µm
Striae in 10 µm
10-15
Gomphonema californicum LM3
Gomphonema californicum LM1
Gomphonema californicum LM2
Gomphonema californicum LM4
Gomphonema californicum LM5
Gomphonema californicum LM6
Gomphonema californicum LM3 Gomphonema californicum LM1 Gomphonema californicum LM2 Gomphonema californicum LM4 Gomphonema californicum LM5 Gomphonema californicum LM6

Also compare to

Gomphonema dichotomum

Kütz. 1834

Gomphonema grasmueckii

Lange-Bert. and E.Reichardt 1993