Compare

Sellaphora stauroneioides is larger, with clear hyaline areas at the apices and more linear valves. 
Sellaphora pseudoarvensis has linear valve margins, curved raphe branches, subcapitate apices, and lacks visible striae.
Navicula arvensoides has a triundulate valve margin, broad rostrate apices, and striae are visible in LM.

LM scalebar = 10 µm
Sellaphora vincentiana LM1 Sellaphora vincentiana LM2 Sellaphora vincentiana LM3 Sellaphora vincentiana LM4 Sellaphora vincentiana LM5
Length Range
8-18.5 µm
Width Range
2.5-4.5 µm
Striae in 10 µm
49-51

Sellaphora stauroneioides

(Lange-Bert.) Veselá and J.R.Johansen 2009

Sellaphora stauroneioides LM2 Sellaphora stauroneioides LM7 Sellaphora stauroneioides LM4 Sellaphora stauroneioides LM5 Sellaphora stauroneioides LM6 Sellaphora stauroneioides LM1 Sellaphora stauroneioides LM3
Length Range
22.2-30.6 µm
Width Range
6.2-6.9 µm
Striae in 10 µm
28-31 at mid-valve, unresolvable high density toward the apices

Also compare to

Navicula arvensoides

Hust.

Sellaphora pseudoarvensis

(Hust.) Wetzel and Ector